83.060 (Rubber) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D2632-14 橡胶特性的标准试验方法. 垂直回跳法测定橡胶弹性

4.1 Resilience is a function of both dynamic modulus and internal friction of a rubber. It is very sensitive to temperature changes and to depth of penetration of the plunger. Consequently, resilience values from one type of rebound instrument may not, in general, be predicted from results on another type of rebound instrument. 4.2 This test method is used for development and comparison of materials. It may not directly relate to end-use performance. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of impact resilience of solid rubber from measurement of the vertical rebound of a dropped mass. 1.2 This test method is not applicable to the testing of cellular rubbers or coated fabrics. 1.3 A standard test method for impact resilience and penetration of rubber by a rebound pendulum is described in Test Method D1054. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Rubber Propertymdash;Resilience by Vertical Rebound

ASTM D395-14 橡胶压缩永久变形特性的标准试验方法

4.1 Compression set tests are intended to measure the ability of rubber compounds to retain elastic properties after prolonged action of compressive stresses. The actual stressing service may involve the maintenance of a definite deflection, the constant application of a known force, or the rapidly repeated deformation and recovery resulting from intermittent compressive forces. Though the latter dynamic stressing, like the others, produces compression set, its effects as a whole are simulated more closely by compression flexing or hysteresis tests. Therefore, compression set tests are considered to be mainly applicable to service conditions involving static stresses. Tests are frequently conducted at elevated temperatures. 1.1 These test methods cover the testing of rubber intended for use in applications in which the rubber will be subjected to compressive stresses in air or liquid media. They are applicable particularly to the rubber used in machinery mountings, vibration dampers, and seals. Two test methods are covered as follows: Test Method Section   A—Compression Set Under Constant Force in Air 8199;7–10 B—Compression Set Under Constant Deflection in Air 11–14 1.2 The choice of test method is optional, but consideration should be given to the nature of the service for which correlation of test results may be sought. Unless otherwise stated in a detailed specification, Test Method B shall be used. 1.3 Test Method B is not suitable for vulcanizates harder than 90 IRHD. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Rubber Propertymdash;Compression Set

ASTM D1349-14 用于测试橡胶标准条件的标准实施规程

1.1 Reliable comparisons between different rubber compounds and between different laboratories is an essential component of effective testing. 1.2 It is necessary to standardize the temperature and humidity conditions to which materials are subjected prior to and during testing. 1.3 Section 2 of this practice includes the definition of terms commonly used to describe the conditions of testing. 1.4 Section 3 of this practice covers a list of standard test temperatures for testing from which selection may be made for a specification, procedure, practice, standard or method. 1.4.1 Any specification, procedure, practice, standard or method that specifies test temperatures shall take precedence over this practice. 1.4.2 The standard test temperatures for testing do not apply to preparation, mixing, processing, or vulcanizing temperatures for rubber compounds. 1.5 Section 4 of this practice covers a list of standard relative humidity conditions for testing from which selection may be made for a specification, procedure, practice, standard or method. 1.5.1 Any specification, procedure, practice, standard or method that specifies relative humidity shall take precedence over this practice. 1.5.2 The standard relative humidity conditions for testing do not apply to preparation, mixing, processing, or vulcanizing of rubber compounds, but may serve as a guide when the condition is not specified. 1.6 Section 5 of this practice covers the standard conditioning of materials for testing. 1.6.1 Any specification, procedure, practice, standard or method that specifies the conditioning of materials for testing shall take precedence over this practice. 1.7 Section 6 of this practice includes the keywords associated with this document which may be used in standard document or internet searches. 1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Rubbermdash;Standard Conditions for Testing

ASTM D4483-14 评估橡胶和炭黑制造工业试验方法标准精度的标准实施规程

4.1 Tests are conducted using standard test methods to generate test data that are used to make decisions for commercial, technical, and scientific purposes. It follows that the precision of a particular test method is an important quality characteristic or figure of merit for a test method and a decision process. 4.2 An evaluation of the precision of a test method is normally conducted with (1) some selected group of materials as typically used with that method and (2) with a group of volunteer laboratories that have experience with the test method. The evaluation represents an event in time for the test method for these materials and laboratories. Another ITP precision evaluation with somewhat different materials or even with the same materials with the same laboratories at a different time, may generate precision results that differ from the initial ITP. 4.3 Experience as indicated in Refs (1-4)4 and elsewhere has shown that the poor reproducibility among the laboratories of a typical ITP is almost always due to interlaboratory bias. Certain laboratories are always low or high compared to a reference as well as other laboratories in all tests. This usual outcome for many ITPs is addressed in this practice by the use of the three-step robust analysis procedures as described in Section 7. 4.4 Caution is urged in applying precision results of a particular test method to product testing for consumer-producer product acceptance. Product acceptance procedures should be developed on the basis of precision data obtained in special programs that are specific to the commercial products and to the laboratories of the interested parties for this type of testing. 1.1 This practice covers guidelines for evaluating precision and serves as the governing practice for interlaboratory test programs (ITP) used to evaluate precision for test methods as used in the rubber manufacturing and the carbon black industries. This practice uses the basic one way analysis of variance calculation algorithms of Practice E691. Although bias is not evaluated in this practice, it is an essential concept in understanding precision evaluation. 1.2 This practice applies to test methods that have test results expressed in terms of a quantitative continuous variable. Although exceptions may occur, it is in general limited to test methods that are fully developed and in routine use in a number of laboratories. 1.3 Two precision evaluation methods are given that are described as robust statistical procedures that attempt to eliminate or substantially decrease the influence of outliers. The first is a General Precision procedure intended for all test methods in the rubber manufacturing industry, and the second is a specific variation of the general precision procedure designated as Special Precision, that applies to carbon black testing. Both of these procedures use the same uniform level experimental design and the Mandel h and k statisti......

Standard Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test Method Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Manufacturing Industries

ASTM D925-14 橡胶特性 - 表面着色 (接触, 色移和扩散) 的标准试验方法

5.1 Rubber in contact with light colored organic finishes may stain the surfaces in contact with the rubber (contact staining) and surfaces adjacent to or beyond the rubber (migration staining), especially under conditions of heat, pressure, or sunlight. When a light colored rubber veneer or organic coating covers a staining rubber compound, the staining ingredients can diffuse through the veneer or coating and stain the surface (diffusion staining). This staining of light colored surfaces is objectionable to the consumer. 5.2 These test methods provide a means of evaluating staining characteristics of rubber compounds but may not necessarily duplicate the effects of natural exposure conditions. 5.3 Results obtained should not be treated as being equivalent to any natural exposure, unless the degree of quantitative correlation has been empirically established for the material in question. 5.4 These test methods may be used for producer-consumer acceptance, referee purposes, and research and development work. 5.5 The two types of exposures (Fluorescent UV and Xenon Arc) are not equivalent and may produce different test results. 1.1 These test methods cover techniques to evaluate three types of staining that rubber may cause when in contact with, or in proximity to, another surface that may be light colored. 1.2 The test methods also describe how to qualitatively evaluate the degree of staining produced under the conditions of exposure to heat alone or heat and light. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Rubber Propertymdash;Staining of Surfaces 40;Contact, Migration, and Diffusion41;

ASTM D4483-14a 在橡胶和碳黑生产工业中试验方法标准的精确度评价的标准实施规程

4.1 Tests are conducted using standard test methods to generate test data that are used to make decisions for commercial, technical, and scientific purposes. It follows that the precision of a particular test method is an important quality characteristic or figure of merit for a test method and a decision process. 4.2 An evaluation of the precision of a test method is normally conducted with (1) some selected group of materials as typically used with that method and (2) with a group of volunteer laboratories that have experience with the test method. The evaluation represents an event in time for the test method for these materials and laboratories. Another ITP precision evaluation with somewhat different materials or even with the same materials with the same laboratories at a different time, may generate precision results that differ from the initial ITP. 4.3 Experience as indicated in Refs (1-4)4 and elsewhere has shown that the poor reproducibility among the laboratories of a typical ITP is almost always due to interlaboratory bias. Certain laboratories are always low or high compared to a reference as well as other laboratories in all tests. This usual outcome for many ITPs is addressed in this practice by the use of the three-step robust analysis procedures as described in Section 7. 4.4 Caution is urged in applying precision results of a particular test method to product testing for consumer-producer product acceptance. Product acceptance procedures should be developed on the basis of precision data obtained in special programs that are specific to the commercial products and to the laboratories of the interested parties for this type of testing. 1.1 This practice covers guidelines for evaluating precision and serves as the governing practice for interlaboratory test programs (ITP) used to evaluate precision for test methods as used in the rubber manufacturing and the carbon black industries. This practice uses the basic one way analysis of variance calculation algorithms of Practice E691. Although bias is not evaluated in this practice, it is an essential concept in understanding precision evaluation. 1.2 This practice applies to test methods that have test results expressed in terms of a quantitative continuous variable. Although exceptions may occur, it is in general limited to test methods that are fully developed and in routine use in a number of laboratories. 1.3 Two precision evaluation methods are given that are described as robust statistical procedures that attempt to eliminate or substantially decrease the influence of outliers. The first is a General Precision procedure intended for all test methods in the rubber manufacturing industry, and the second is a specific variation of the general precision procedure designated as Special Precision, that applies to carbon black testing. Both of these procedures use the same uniform level experimental design and the Mandel h and k statisti......

Standard Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test Method Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Manufacturing Industries

ASTM D429-14 橡胶特性;与硬质基质的粘合性的标准试验方法

3.1 These test methods are designed primarily for specimens prepared in a laboratory under standardized conditions such as may be used to provide data for development and control of rubber compounds and methods of manufacture. With slight modifications as indicated, Methods A, B, C, D, and E are also used for obtaining comparative adhesion test values of production parts whenever the design permits preparation of suitable test specimens. Methods A, B, C, and D are applicable in the case of many products in which rubber is used for controlling vibration. 1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing the static adhesional strength of rubber to rigid materials (in most cases metals). Method A—Rubber Part Assembled Between Two Parallel Metal Plates. Method B—90° Stripping Test—Rubber Part Assembled to One Metal Plate. Method C—Measuring Adhesion of Rubber to Metal with a Conical Specimen. Method D—Adhesion Test—Post-Vulcanization (PV) Bonding of Rubber to Metal. Method E—90° Stripping Test—Rubber Tank Lining—Assembled to One Metal Plate. Method F—Rubber Part Assembled Between Two Parallel Convex-Shaped Metal Plates Method G—Measuring Bond Durability for Rubber-to-Metal Bonded Components with a Double Shear Cylindrical Specimen Method H—Measuring Bond Durability for Rubber-to-Metal Bonded Components with a Quadruple Shear Specimen 1.2 While the test method may be used with a wide variety of rigid materials, use of materials other than metals is the exception. For this reason, we have used the word “metal” in the text rather than “rigid materials.” 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Rubber Propertymdash;Adhesion to Rigid Substrates

ASTM F2523-13 室温下硫化弹性体抗爆裂的标准实施规程

5.1 This practice may be used to determine the viability of an RTV sealant to withstand pressure leak testing before cure at maximum gap conditions of a system. This practice may be used to indicate an RTV’s acceptability to undergo an assembly line leak check without causing a leak path due to material blow out. 1.1 This practice provides a means to determine the blowout resistance of a room-temperature vulcanized elastomer system (RTV) using a standard fixture. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Blowout Resistance of Room-Temperature Vulcanized Elastomers

ASTM D297-13 使用倒置探头机测定胶粘剂压合粘结性的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the composition of rubber products of the “R” family (see 3.1). Many of these test methods may be applied to the analysis of natural and synthetic crude rubbers. 1.1.1 Part A consists of general test methods for use in the determination of some or all of the major constituents of a rubber product. 1.1.2 Part B covers the determination of specific polymers present in a rubber product. 1.1.3 The test methods appear in the following order: Part A. General Test Methods: Sections Rubber Polymer Content by the Indirect Method 11-13 Determinations and Report for the General Method 14 and 15 Density 16 Extract Analysis 17-26 Sulfur Analysis

Standard Test Methods for Rubber Productsmdash;Chemical Analysis

ASTM D1148-13 橡胶变质的标准试验方法.浅颜色表面的紫外线(UV)或紫外/可见光辐射及热暴露变色

4.1 The surface of white or light-colored vulcanized rubber articles, or vulcanized rubber covered with an organic finish, may discolor when exposed to conditions of humidity, or moisture, heat, and sunlight. This change in color of light-colored rubber surfaces is objectionable to the consumer. 4.2 Results obtained should be treated only as indicating the effect of irradiance from the specified source (either UVA-340 lamps or a xenon arc with a Daylight Filter) and not as equivalent to the result of any natural exposure, unless the degree of quantitative correlation has been empirically established for the material in question. 4.3 This test method may be used for producer-consumer acceptance, referee purposes, and research and development work. 1.1 This test method covers techniques to evaluate the surface discoloration of white or light-colored vulcanized rubber that may occur when subjected to UV or UV/visible exposure from specified sources under controlled conditions of relative humidity, or moisture, and temperature. 1.2 This test method also describes how to qualitatively evaluate the degree of discoloration produced under such conditions. 1.3 The term “discoloration” applies to a color change of the rubber sample, as distinguished from staining (see Note 1), that refers to a color change of a metal finish in contact with or adjacent to the rubber specimen. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1—Tests for staining are covered by Test Methods D925.

Standard Test Method for Rubber Deteriorationmdash;Discoloration from Ultraviolet (UV) or UV/Visible Radiation and Heat Exposure of Light-Colored Surfaces

ASTM C1521-13 评价已安装上防风雨的密封接头粘结性的标准实施规程

4.1 Many parameters contribute to the overall performance of a sealant application. Some of the most significant parameters are sealant bead size and configuration, joint movement, quality of workmanship, the quality of the adhesive bond, and the quality of the sealant material. 4.2 A sealant usually fails to perform as a weatherseal when it experiences cohesive or adhesive failure. 4.3 If a sealant bead fails, an evaluation of the total joint movement may be needed to determine if the joint sealant was strained beyond design or if the sealant failed within design parameters. 4.4 If a sealant bead fails adhesively, there is no straightforward procedure for determining the cause. The adhesive failure may be due to workmanship, the specific surface preparation used, the specific sealant used, poor “installed” joint design, poor bond chemistry and other causes. 4.5 Because of the complex nature of the performance of a sealant bead, an understanding of the quality of the adhesive bond is instrumental in any evaluation of sealant performance. It is critical that the test procedures used truly evaluate the quality of the adhesive bond and do not simply take advantage of the tear resistance of the sealant. 4.6 This method does not evaluate the performance of a sealant joint as a weatherseal. It only evaluates the characteristics of the adhesive bond relative to the cohesive strength of the sealant in a particular installation. Since any failures that result from use of this test method are intentionally induced, they do not necessarily mean that the sealant joint will not perform as a weatherseal. 4.7 The results of these methods are most useful in identifying sealant joints with poor adhesion. The continuous inspection procedure is also useful in the identification of places of poor joint configuration. Obvious cohesive failures are also identified. The results of these methods can be used to assess the likely performance of the sealant joint and to compare performance against other sealant joints. 4.8 The nondestructive methods are most effective while the sealant is in a state of extension due to mild or low temperatures. They are least effective during high temperature when the sealant is in a compressed condition. 1.1 This practice describes destructive and nondestructive procedures. 1.2 The destructive procedure stresses the sealant in such a way as to cause either cohesive or adhesive failure of the sealant or cohesive failure of the substrate where deficient substrate conditions exist. The objective is to characterize the adhesive/cohesive performance of the sealant on the specific substrate by applying whatever strain is necessary to effect failure of the sealant bead. It is possible that the strain applied to the sealant bead may result in the failure of a deficient substrate before effecting a failure in the sealant.Note 1—The destructive procedure requires immediate repair of the sealant bead. Appropriate materials and equipment should be available for this p......

Standard Practice for Evaluating Adhesion of Installed Weatherproofing Sealant Joints

ASTM D471-12 液体对橡胶性能影响的标准试验方法

Certain rubber articles, for example, seals, gaskets, hoses, diaphragms, and sleeves, may be exposed to oils, greases, fuels, and other fluids during service. The exposure may be continuous or intermittent and may occur over wide temperature ranges. Properties of rubber articles deteriorate during exposure to these liquids, affecting the performance of the rubber part, which can result in partial failure. This test method attempts to simulate service conditions through controlled accelerated testing, but may not give any direct correlation with actual part performance, since service conditions vary too widely. It yields comparative data on which to base judgment as to expected service quality. This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee purposes, and research and development work.1.1 This test method covers the required procedures to evaluate the comparative ability of rubber and rubber-like compositions to withstand the effect of liquids. It is designed for testing: (1) specimens of vulcanized rubber cut from standard sheets (see Practice D3182), (2) specimens cut from fabric coated with vulcanized rubber (see Test Methods D751), or (3) finished articles of commerce (see Practice D3183). This test method is not applicable to the testing of cellular rubbers, porous compositions, and compressed sheet packing, except as described in 11.2.2. 1.2 ASTM Oils No. 2 and No. 3, formerly used in this test method as standard test liquids, are no longer commercially available and in 1993 were replaced with IRM 902 and IRM 903, respectively (see Appendix X1 for details). 1.3 ASTM No. 1 Oil, previously used in this test method as a standard test liquid, is no longer commercially available and in 2005 was replaced with IRM 901; refer to Table 1 and Appendix X3 for details. 1.4 ASTM No. 5 Oil was accepted into Specification D5900 as an industry reference material in 2010 and designated as IRM 905. The composition, and properties of this immersion oil were not changed and the data in Table 1 remains current. Refer to Appendix X4 for other details. 1.5 The specifications and properties listed in Table 1 for IRM 901, IRM 902, IRM 903, and IRM 905 are also maintained in Specification D5900. 1.5.1 The subcommittee responsible for maintaining Test Method D471, presently D11.15, shall review the data in Specification D5900 to ensure that it is identical to that which appears in Test Method D471. This shall be accomplished at the time of the 5 year review or more frequently when necessary. 1.6 Historical, technical, and background information regarding the conversion from ASTM No. 1, ASTM No. 2, and ASTM No. 3 Oils to IRM 901, IRM 902, and IRM 903 immersion oils is maintained in Practice D5964. 1.6.1 The subcommittee responsible for maintaining Test Method D471, presently D11.15, shall review the data in Practice D5964 to ensure that it is identical to that which appears in Test Method D471. This shall be accomplished at the......

Standard Test Method for Rubber Propertymdash;Effect of Liquids

ASTM D5289-12 利用无旋转硫化测量仪测量橡胶硫化性能的标准试验方法

This test method is used to determine the vulcanization characteristics of (vulcanizable) rubber compounds. This test method may be used for quality control in rubber manufacturing processes, for research and development testing of raw-rubber compounded in an evaluation formulation, and for evaluating various raw materials used in preparing (vulcanizable) rubber compounds. The test specimen in a rotorless cure meter approaches the test temperature in a shorter time and there is a better temperature distribution in the test specimen due to the elimination of the unheated rotor found in oscillating disk cure meters. Several manufacturers produce rotorless cure meters with design differences that may result in different torque responses and cure times for each design. Correlations of test results between cure meters of different designs should be established for each compound tested, and for each set of test conditions.1.1 This test method covers a method for the measurement of selected vulcanization characteristics of rubber compounds using unsealed and sealed torsion shear cure meters. The two types of instruments may not give the same results. Note 18212;An alternative method for the measurement of vulcanization characteristics is given in Test Method D2084. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Rubber Propertymdash;Vulcanization Using Rotorless Cure Meters

ASTM D3346-12 橡胶特性的标准试验方法.用莫氏粘度计(德尔塔莫尼)测定SBR乳胶(丁苯橡胶)的可加工性

These empirical tests have been found to be suitable for ranking a series of unpigmented emulsion SBR in order of processability. They may also be used for comparing a production lot with a standard of known processability characteristics. The difference between Mooney viscosities at two specified times will rank those emulsion SBR polymers that differ appreciably in this property according to their processability. The actual values obtained for a given polymer depend on whether or not the sample was massed, and may vary between laboratories or with the type of machine used, and with the specified times at which Mooney viscosity values were taken.1.1 These test methods explain the use of the shearing disk viscometer to obtain an indication of the processability of non-pigmented emulsion styrene-butadiene rubbers (SBR). They may also be used to separate those polymers that are easy to process from those that are difficult to process within a group of polymers of the same type. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Rubber Propertymdash;Processability of Emulsion SBR (Styrene-Butadiene Rubber) With the Mooney Viscometer (Delta Mooney)

ASTM D471-12a 液体对橡胶性能影响的标准试验方法

4.1 Certain rubber articles, for example, seals, gaskets, hoses, diaphragms, and sleeves, may be exposed to oils, greases, fuels, and other fluids during service. The exposure may be continuous or intermittent and may occur over wide temperature ranges. 4.2 Properties of rubber articles deteriorate during exposure to these liquids, affecting the performance of the rubber part, which can result in partial failure. 4.3 This test method attempts to simulate service conditions through controlled accelerated testing, but may not give any direct correlation with actual part performance, since service conditions vary too widely. It yields comparative data on which to base judgment as to expected service quality. 4.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee purposes, and research and development work. 1.1 This test method covers the required procedures to evaluate the comparative ability of rubber and rubber-like compositions to withstand the effect of liquids. It is designed for testing: (1) specimens of vulcanized rubber cut from standard sheets (see Practice D3182), (2) specimens cut from fabric coated with vulcanized rubber (see Test Methods D751), or (3) finished articles of commerce (see Practice D3183). This test method is not applicable to the testing of cellular rubbers, porous compositions, and compressed sheet packing, except as described in 11.2.2. 1.2 ASTM Oils No. 2 and No. 3, formerly used in this test method as standard test liquids, are no longer commercially available and in 1993 were replaced with IRM 902 and IRM 903, respectively (see Appendix X1 for details). 1.3 ASTM No. 1 Oil, previously used in this test method as a standard test liquid, is no longer commercially available and in 2005 was replaced with IRM 901; refer to Table 1 and Appendix X3 for details. TABLE 1 Specifications and Typical Properties of IRM Reference Oils

Standard Test Method for Rubber Propertymdash;Effect of Liquids

ASTM D6601-12 使用无转子切流变仪测量橡胶固化特性和固化后特性的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method is used to determine the vulcanization characteristics of (vulcanizable) rubber compounds under selected test conditions of strain and frequency which do not significantly affect the cured dynamic properties. In the same test, this test method also will measure the dynamic properties of the vulcanizate at temperatures significantly below the cure temperature. These lower temperature measurements are necessary in order to more effectively relate to rubber product service conditions. 5.2 This test method may be used for quality control in rubber manufacturing processes and for research and development testing of rubber compounds containing curatives. This test method also may be used for evaluating cure and dynamic property differences resulting from the use of different compounding ingredients. 5.3 For additional information regarding the significance of dynamic testing of vulcanized rubber, the reader may wish to reference Guide D5992. 1.1 This test method covers the use of a rotorless oscillating shear rheometer for measuring after cure dynamic properties at predetermined temperature(s) below the cure temperature. 1.2 Specified cure conditions that approximate a ???static cure??? also are covered to minimize effects on cured rubber compound dynamic properties. This test method is not intended to replace Test Method D5289. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 Warning???Compounds based on silicone or fluoroelastomers may have high levels of thermal contraction or poor adhesion to the dies when cooled after the cure portion of this test method, causing slippage during strain sweeps. If this occurs, the results will not be reliable.

Standard Test Method for Rubber Propertiesmdash;Measurement of Cure and After-Cure Dynamic Properties Using a Rotorless Shear Rheometer

ASTM D3853-12 橡胶及橡胶胶乳.混炼用化学药品的缩写相关的标准术语

These abbreviations are to be used in technical writing where the full chemical name of the substance is used initially, followed by the abbreviation found in this terminology. Later references to this substance may then use the abbreviation only.1.1 This terminology is a compilation of abbreviations for accelerators, vulcanizing agents, activators, antidegradants, plasticizers, softeners, processing aids, blowing agents, retarders, isocyanates, peroxides, and antireversion agents used in the compounding of rubber products. Abbreviations for rubbers are listed in Practice D1418 and a numbering system for various grades of carbon blacks is described in Classification D1765.

Standard Terminology Relating to Rubber and Rubber Laticesmdash;Abbreviations for Chemicals Used in Compounding

ASTM D750-12 用人工风化装置对橡胶老化性的标准实施规程

3.1 This practice describes procedures to use in determining the effects of an open-flame carbon-arc light source, an enclosed carbon-arc light source, a xenon-arc light source, or a fluorescent UV source along with heat and moisture on rubber specimens held in a jig or holder with or without a specified strain. The purpose is to attempt to accelerate the effects produced by light, heat, and moisture in the natural environment. Exposures are not intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena, such as atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure. The Significance and Use section in Practice G151 and the standard for the appropriate apparatus, that is, Practices G152, G153, G154, or G155 should be consulted for additional information on significance and use of the exposure tests. 3.2 The primary criterion used in estimating resistance to weathering is the percentage decrease in tensile strength and in elongation at break. A supplementary criterion for estimating resistance to weathering is the observed extent of surface crazing and cracking. 3.3 Results obtained by use of these test procedures should not be represented as equivalent to those of any natural exposure test until the degree of quantitative correlation has been established for the material in question. 3.4 Because of differences in the spectral power distributions of the exposure sources as well as the other conditions in the different types of laboratory weathering tests, the different procedures may not result in the same performance rankings or types of failure modes of the materials. Comparisons shall not be made of relative stabilities of materials exposed in different types of apparatus. 3.5 When conducting exposures in devices that use laboratory light sources, it is important to consider how well the artificial weathering conditions will reproduce property changes and failure modes caused by end-use environments on the materials being tested. 3.6 Practices G151, G152, G153, G154, and G155 recommend that a similar material of known performance (a control) be exposed simultaneously with the test specimen to provide a standard for comparative purposes. Preferably, a control material known to have poor durability as well as one that has good durability should be used. The reason for using a control is that reproducibility in ranking stabilities is usually bett............

Standard Practice for Rubber Deterioration Using Artificial Weathering Apparatus

ASTM D4678-11 橡胶制备,测试,验收,文档,参考材料使用的标准操作规程

Reference materials are vitally important in product and specification testing, in research and development work, in technical service work, and in quality control operations in the rubber and carbon black industries. They are especially valuable for referee purposes. Categories, Classes, and Types of Reference Materials (RM): Reference materials are divided into two categories: Industry Reference Materials (IRM)8212;Materials that have been prepared according to a specified production process to generate a uniform lot; the parameters that define the quality of the lot are evaluated by a specified measurement program. Common-Source Reference Materials (CRM)8212;Materials that have been prepared to be as uniform as possible but do not have established property (parameter) values; the knowledge of a common or single source is sufficient for certain less critical applications. Industry reference materials (IRMs) are divided into additional classes and types according to the method of evaluating the lot parameters and according to the production process for generating the lot material. These are explained more fully (refer to Annex A3 and Annex A4 for more details on the discussion in Section 3). The following lot parameters are important for reference material use: Accepted Reference Value (AR Value)8212;An average IRM property or parameter value established by way of a specified test program. Test Lot Limits (TL Limits)8212;These are limits defined as ±3 times the standard deviation of individual IRM test results across the entire lot for the property or parameter(s) that defines lot quality; the measurements are conducted in the laboratory of the organization producing the IRM. Although the limits as defined in 3.2.3.2 are given in terms of ±3 times the standard deviation, the rejection of individual portions of the lot as being outlier or non-typical portions in assessing the homogeneity of the lot is done on the basis of ±2 times the appropriate standard deviation, that is, on the basis of a 95 % confidence interval. See Annex A3 and Annex A4 for more information and the evaluation procedures. All IRMs have an AR value and TL limits; however the AR value may be obtained in one of two ways to produce one of two classes of AR values: Global AR Value8212;This AR value is obtained from an interlaboratory test program where the word “global” indicates an average value across many laboratories. Local AR Value8212;This is an AR value obtained in one laboratory or at one location, usually the laboratory responsible for preparation of the homogeneous lot. An additional parameter is of importance for IRMs that have a global AR value: Between-Laboratory Limits (BL)8212;The group of laboratories that conduct interlaboratory testing to establish an AR-value are not equivalent to a system or population typical of industrial production operations that use the usual ±3 standard deviation limits. Such production operations are systems that have been purged of all assignable causes of variation and are in a state of ‘statistical control’

Standard Practice for RubberPreparation, Testing, Acceptance, Documentation, and Use of Reference Materials

ASTM D865-11 在空气中加热橡胶劣化(试管封闭)的标准试验方法

Rubber and rubber products must resist the deterioration of physical properties with time caused by oxidative and thermal ageing. This test method determines these characteristics in a way that is free of some of the complications inherent in community-type ageing devices, that is where numerous compounds (specimens) are aged in the same enclosure. The isolation of compounds (specimens) by the use of individual circulating air test tube enclosures prevents cross contamination from volatile products and permits a more representative assessment of ageing performance. Please refer to the Annex in Test Method D573 for important information on standard compounds used for precision testing for accelerated test ageing evaluation.1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the deterioration induced by heating rubber specimens in individual test tube enclosures with circulating air. This isolation prevents cross contamination of compounds due to loss of volatile materials (for example, antioxidants) and their subsequent migration into other rubber compounds (specimens). The absorption of such volatile materials may influence the degradation rate of rubber compounds. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for RubberDeterioration by Heating in Air (Test Tube Enclosure)